Perfekti <> The Perfect Tense
Again. The rules for using the this tense are exactly the same as in English. We use the perfect tense when we are talking about something that started in the past and is ongoing or if something happened in the past and is finished but it's not important when exactly it happened. For example, when you're telling somebody about all the countries that you've visited in you're life.
Let's see some examples in English first:
I've been to Rome. In this example, it's not important or relevant when I went to
Rome, therefore it is in the perfect tense. If I had used the past tense buy saying "I went to Rome", then I would have to say when.
I have lived in Finland for 2 years. Now I am using the perfect tense because the statement is ongoing. I still live in Finland. If I had used the past tense however "I lived in Finland for 2 years", this now means that I no longer live in Finland.
All of these rules apply in Finnish.
How do I find the perfect form of a verb?
Well, once again we're going to have to go through all the verb-types. Fortunately, the same rule applies to verb-types 4, 5 and 6, saving us a lot of time.
The perfect verb is used in conjunction with the verb olla, which as you know can either mean to be or to have, so it's essentially the same as what we do in English. The verb olla should be in it's usual present tense form according to the pronoun and then we add the required verb in perfect form. The perfect form of the verb is called the active second participle or aktiivin toinen partisiippi. This is the form that usually ends with nut/nyt or neet (verb type 3 is slightly different).
So the formation of the perfect tense is as simple as:
The verb olla in the present form + The active second participle
Oh and by the way, to find the perfect tense we will be working from the basic form or perusmuoto of the verb. There's no need to worry about finding the stem or applying KPT when it comes to the perfect tense. It's much easier than the past tense.
Let's see some examples in English first:
I've been to Rome. In this example, it's not important or relevant when I went to
Rome, therefore it is in the perfect tense. If I had used the past tense buy saying "I went to Rome", then I would have to say when.
I have lived in Finland for 2 years. Now I am using the perfect tense because the statement is ongoing. I still live in Finland. If I had used the past tense however "I lived in Finland for 2 years", this now means that I no longer live in Finland.
All of these rules apply in Finnish.
How do I find the perfect form of a verb?
Well, once again we're going to have to go through all the verb-types. Fortunately, the same rule applies to verb-types 4, 5 and 6, saving us a lot of time.
The perfect verb is used in conjunction with the verb olla, which as you know can either mean to be or to have, so it's essentially the same as what we do in English. The verb olla should be in it's usual present tense form according to the pronoun and then we add the required verb in perfect form. The perfect form of the verb is called the active second participle or aktiivin toinen partisiippi. This is the form that usually ends with nut/nyt or neet (verb type 3 is slightly different).
So the formation of the perfect tense is as simple as:
The verb olla in the present form + The active second participle
Oh and by the way, to find the perfect tense we will be working from the basic form or perusmuoto of the verb. There's no need to worry about finding the stem or applying KPT when it comes to the perfect tense. It's much easier than the past tense.
Verbityyppi 1 <> Verb type 1
What to do:
- The verb olla in the present form
- Remove the letter a/ä from the end
- Add nut/nyt/neet
|
Asua
Minä olen asunut Sinä olet asunut Hän on asunut Me olemme asuneet Te olette asuneet He ovat asuneet |
Nukkua
Minä olen nukkunut Sinä olet nukkunut Hän on nukkunut Me olemme nukkuneet Te olette nukkuneet He ovat nukkuneet |
Lukea
Minä olen lukenut Sinä olet lukenut Hän on lukenut Me olemme lukeneet Te olette lukeneet He ovat lukeneet |
Antaa
Minä olen antanut Sinä olet antanut Hän on antanut Me olemme antaneet Te olette antaneet He ovat antaneet |
Verbityyppi 2 <> Verb type 2
What to do:
- The verb olla in the present form
- Remove da/dä
- Add nut/nyt/neet
|
Tuoda
Minä olen tuonut Sinä olet tuonut Hän on tuonut Me olemme tuoneet Te olette tuoneet He ovat tuoneet |
Viedä
Minä olen vienyt Sinä olet vienyt Hän on vienyt Me olemme vieneet Te olette vieneet He ovat vieneet |
Syödä
Minä olen syönyt Sinä olet syönyt Hän on syönyt Me olemme syöneet Te olette syöneet He ovat syöneet |
Voida
Minä olen voinut Sinä olet voinut Hän on voinut Me olemme voineet Te olette voineet He ovat voineet |
Verbityyppi 3 <> Verb type 3
What to do:
- The verb olla in the present form
- Remove la/lä, ra/rä, na/nä, ta/tä
- Add lut/lyt/leet, rut/ryt/reet, nut/nyt/neet, sut/syt/seet
|
Ajatella
Minä olen ajatellut Sinä olet ajatellut Hän on ajatellut Me olemme ajatelleet Te olette ajatelleet He ovat ajatelleet |
Purra
Minä olen purrut Sinä olet purrut Hän on purrut Me olemme purreet Te olette purreet He ovat purreet |
Mennä
Minä olen mennyt Sinä olet mennyt Hän on mennyt Me olemme menneet Te olette menneet He ovat menneet |
Juosta
Minä olen juossut Sinä olet juossut Hän on juossut Me olemme juosseet Te olette juosseet He ovat juosseet |
Verbityyppit 4, 5 ja 6 <> Verb types 4, 5 and 6
What to do:
- The verb olla in the present form
- Remove ta/tä
- Add nnut/nnyt/nneet
|
Avata
Minä olen avannut Sinä olet avannut Hän on avannut Me olemme avanneet Te olette avanneet He ovat avanneet |
Tavata
Minä olen tavannut Sinä olet tavannut Hän on tavannut Me olemme tavanneet Te olette tavanneet He ovat tavanneet |
Valita
Minä olen valinnut Sinä olet valinnut Hän on valinnut Me olemme valinneet Te olette valinneet He ovat valinneet |
Paeta
Minä olen paennut Sinä olet paennut Hän on paennut Me olemme paenneet Te olette paenneet He ovat paenneet |
